World History

Explore key moments, civilizations, and events that shaped our world.

Ancient Civilizations

Discover the foundations of human civilization through the great empires and cultures of antiquity.

3500-3000 BCE
Mesopotamian Civilization
The world's first cities emerge in Sumer, with the development of writing, the wheel, and complex government systems.
3100 BCE
Ancient Egypt Unified
Pharaoh Menes unites Upper and Lower Egypt, beginning over 3,000 years of pharaonic rule and monumental architecture.
2600-1900 BCE
Indus Valley Civilization
Advanced urban planning, sophisticated drainage systems, and standardized weights and measures in the Harappan civilization.
Classical Antiquity

The rise of philosophy, democracy, and empire in Greece and Rome that influenced Western civilization.

800-146 BCE
Ancient Greece
Birth of democracy in Athens, philosophical schools, Olympic Games, and Alexander the Great's conquests.
753 BCE - 476 CE
Roman Empire
From a small city-state to a vast empire spanning three continents, establishing law, engineering, and administrative systems.
221 BCE
Qin Dynasty Unifies China
Emperor Qin Shi Huang unifies China, standardizes currency and writing, and begins construction of the Great Wall.
Medieval Period

The Middle Ages brought feudalism, the rise of Islam, and the preservation of knowledge through dark times.

476 CE
Fall of Western Roman Empire
The last Western Roman Emperor is deposed, marking the beginning of the Medieval period in Europe.
622 CE
Rise of Islam
Prophet Muhammad's Hijra to Medina marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar and rapid expansion of Islam.
1066 CE
Norman Conquest
William the Conqueror defeats Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, transforming English culture and language.
Age of Exploration

European exploration leads to global trade networks, colonization, and cultural exchange.

1492
Columbus Reaches the Americas
Christopher Columbus's voyage initiates sustained contact between Europe and the Americas.
1519-1521
Spanish Conquest of Aztec Empire
Hernán Cortés conquers the Aztec Empire, leading to Spanish colonization of Mexico.
1588
Defeat of Spanish Armada
England's naval victory establishes it as a major maritime power and protects Protestant England.
Modern Era

Revolutionary changes in politics, industry, and society that shaped the contemporary world.

Industrial Revolution (1760-1840)

Mechanization transforms manufacturing, transportation, and society. Steam power, factories, and urbanization change the way people live and work.

Age of Revolutions (1775-1848)

American Revolution (1776), French Revolution (1789), and Latin American independence movements reshape political systems worldwide.

World Wars (1914-1945)

Two devastating global conflicts reshape international relations, accelerate technological development, and lead to the emergence of superpowers.

Cold War Era (1947-1991)

Ideological struggle between capitalism and communism influences global politics, space exploration, and technological advancement.

Key Historical Themes
Rise and Fall of Empires

Patterns of imperial expansion, administration, cultural influence, and eventual decline seen across civilizations.

Technological Innovation

How inventions like the printing press, gunpowder, steam engine, and internet transformed societies.

Cultural Exchange

Trade routes, migrations, and conquests facilitated the spread of ideas, religions, and technologies.

Social Movements

Struggles for rights, equality, and justice that have shaped modern democratic societies.